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The old city of Damscus
Old Damascus, which is the heart of the city, is my favorite place, because of its cuddled buildings and narrow lanes. Where you can smell fragrant Jasmine and aroma of Damascene Rose. And most of that its important ruins, which tell us the story of huoman being since Adam and Eve until now.
The Umayyad Mosque
The most famous monument of Old Damascus is The Umayyad Mosque, which is the oldest place of worship in Damascus. 3000 years ago the Aramaeans built a temple for Hadad, the god of thunder, then the Romans built a temple for Jupiter.With the rise of Christianity a church was built on the western part of the timple ground. Later in 635 A.D Moslems choose the Eastern parte to build a pulpit for a mosque. Moslems and Chricitians prayed there, each in their part, for around seventy years. Now the mosque is a holy place for Moslems and Christians (it containes the tomb of John the Baptist – known to us as the prophet Yahya).
The Hamedya Bazaar
Damascus is famouse also of the Hamedya Bazaar, where you find oriental shops , clothes shops and traditional restaurants. In fact, Al Hamadya Bazare is a unique Souk becouse it containes very cheap clothes and very expensive clothes at the same time, clothes for nomads and for modern people (famouse brands).
The Rise of Christianity in Damascus ( Damascus is well ksown as the cradle of Christianity)
Near the Eastern Gate of Damascus, at the end of the street called strait, stands the Chapel of Ananias, the Damascene saint who was one of theseventy two apostles of Jesus Christ mentioned in the holy books.
When Saul, the tax collector who tormented and persecuted Jesus followers, reached south of Damascus, on his way from Jerusalem, he lost his eyesight. He had a vision calling him to stop tormentign believers and to believe in the mission of Christ. In Damascus, Ananias the apostle, baptized Saul who believed in Christianity, and his eye-sight returned to him. When Jaws chased him his believers took him to the Damascus wall at the gate of Kisan, and lowered him in basket by nigh to escape to Antioch where he became Paul the Messenger.
Damascus is the cradle of Homo sapiens
Damascus is known to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world. The earliest reference to the city was found in the archaeological site of Ebla; where the word "Damaski" was found on one of the clay tablets. Some historians believe that the city actually dates back to the seventh millennium BC.
The moderate climate and the River Barada and fertile soil of Damascus made it an ideal place for the settlement of the Aramaeans. Being a natural oasis irrigated by the River Barada, Damascus became an increasingly important city in the Aramaean Kingdom, as mentioned in the Old Testament.
In 64 BC, Damascus was under full control of Roman and Byzantine authorities. The city flourished as a result of political stability and economic growth that accompanied the expansion of the Roman Empire. Damascus gained a significant economic importance as the crossroads on the east-west tarde route. Damascene products such as swords, glassware and cloth became renowned throughout the Empire. This prosperity led to further expansion of the city.
The year 635 was a turning point in the history of Damascus Muslim armies entered Damascus There was mass conversion to Islam, but Jews and Christians, who now became a minority, were treated with tolerance by the Muslims. Christians and Muslims prayed side by side in the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, before Muslim rulers decided to build the Great Mosque on the same site.
In 661, a golden age started for Damascus when Muawiyah Bin Abi Sufian established himself as the fifth caliph or successor of the prophet, founding the Omayyad Dynasty that continued to rule the Muslim empire for about one century. Muawiyah made Damascus the capital of his empire, which was expanding to the east and the west.
In 750 the golden age of Damascus came to an abrupt end. The Abbasids, The new rulers, moved the capital of the Islamic empire to Baghdad, and Damascus became just a provincial town with a declining population and a declining role in politics and culture.
The next three centuries Damascus witnessed political disturbances that were usually accompanied by violence and shortages
In 1260, Damascus was occupied by another enemy, this time coming from the east. The Tartars under their leader, Houlagou, besieged the city for one month before taking over the city. However, they did not stay for long, as they were driven out by the Memluks, led by Sultan Baybars.
Before the invasion of Tamurlane in 1400, Damascus was a flourishing city. As the second most important city in the Memluk Empire, the development of Damascus was put high on the list of Memluk priorities. Ideally situated on the trade route between east and west, the city attracted foreign traders who particularly impressed by the quality of its luxury items that were being produced, such as silk brocades, fine glass, swords and dried fruit, and inlaid wooden, copper, brass articles.
Unfortunately, Memluk Damascus never recovered from the blow that Temurlane gave it. The city declined with successive shortages, epidemics and constant political instability. In 1516, the Ottomans took control over Damascus.
During World War I, the Ottomans sided with Germany, and Syria was drawn into the conflict In 1918, Arab troups entered Damascus along with British forces, marking the end of a four-century long Ottoman occupation.and Damascus became a major center of Arab nationalism in the early 20th century.
In 1916, it was revealed that Britain and France had secretly concluded an agreement, known as the Sykes-Picot agreement, in which these two major powers carved the Middle East up into small separated countries. Ignoring the guarantees of independence promised to King Faisal earlier, the French army landed in Syria, imposed a mandate, and forced King Faisal into exile.
So because of its reach history Damascus is the best place for every body to find peace and relax although, maybe because of the smell of ancient stones, or the unknown stories that every corner tells you about transitory civilizations.
For my sorrow , there is a lot of intended negligence, which threatens Old Damascus. some times from the government, some times from the people, who don’t know that it is a trust in our hands because it does not belong to us only, but it belongs to all the human beings all over the world through out history